Indian languages fall under two major and two minor families : the Indo-European languages—Indo-Aryan (70%)—and the Dravidian languages (22% ), Austro-Asiatic and Tibeto-Burman families and a few isolated languages.
The first official language of India is Hindi. English is the second.The constitution of the country reads: "The official language of the Union shall be Hindi in Devanagari script.". Interesting to note that the constitution or the law specifies a National language. States have their own official languages. For example the southern state of Kerala has Malayalam as the official language while Andhra Pradesh has Telugu.
Interesting Quick Fact: Did you know that Malayalam, the language spoken in the southern Indian state of Kerala is the longest PALINDROME word?
There are several hundred languages spoken in various parts of the country. According to the 1961 census, there are 1,652 spoken languages in India! But the most often spoken by most people. Here is a language map of India. Here is a list of all the Indian Languages - 1000s!
|
angauge
|
Origins
|
Speakers*
|
Which
region is it common in
|
|
Assamese/Axomiya
|
Indo-Aryan,
Eastern
|
13
|
Assam
|
|
Bengali
|
Indo-Aryan,
Eastern
|
83
|
West Bengal,
Assam,
Jharkhand,
Tripura (list)
|
|
Bodo
|
Tibeto-Burman
|
1.2
|
Assam
|
|
Dogri
|
Indo-Aryan,
Northern
|
0.1
|
Jammu and
Kashmir
|
|
Gujarati
|
Indo-Aryan,
Western
|
46
|
Gujarat,
Maharashtra,
Tamil Nadu
(list)
|
|
Hindi
|
Indo-Aryan,
various
|
422
|
the "Hindi
belt", North India
|
|
Kannada
|
Dravidian,
Southern
|
38
|
Karnataka,
Maharashtra,
Tamil Nadu, Goa
(list)
|
|
Kashmiri
|
Dardic
|
5.5
|
Jammu and
Kashmir
|
|
Konkani
|
Indo-Aryan,
Southern
|
2.5
|
Konkan (Goa,
Karnataka,
Maharashtra, Kerala)
|
|
Maithili
|
Indo-Aryan,
Eastern
|
12
|
Bihar
|
|
Malayalam
|
Dravidian,
Southern
|
33
|
Kerala,
Lakshadweep,
Mahé,
Puducherry
|
|
Manipuri (also
Meitei or Meithei)
|
Tibeto-Burman
|
1.5
|
Manipur
|
|
Marathi
|
Indo-Aryan,
Southern
|
72
|
Maharashtra,
Karnataka,
Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat,
Andhra Pradesh, Goa (list)
|
|
Nepali
|
Indo-Aryan,
Northern
|
2.5
|
Sikkim, West
Bengal, Assam
|
|
Oriya
|
Indo-Aryan,
Eastern
|
33
|
Orissa
|
|
Punjabi
|
Indo-Aryan
|
29
|
Punjab,
Chandigarh, Delhi, Haryana
|
|
Sanskrit
|
Indo-Aryan
|
0.05
|
Mattur
|
|
Santali
|
Austro-Asiatic,
Munda
|
6.5
|
Santal tribals
of the Chota Nagpur Plateau
(comprising the states of Bihar,
Chhattisgarh,
Jharkhand, Orissa)
|
|
Sindhi
|
Indo-Aryan,
Northwestern
|
2.5
|
Gujarat,
Maharashtra, Rajasthan,
Madhya Pradesh (list)
|
|
Tamil
|
Dravidian,
Southern
|
61
|
Tamil Nadu,
Karnataka, Puducherry,
Andhra Pradesh,
Kerala, Maharashtra (list)
|
|
Telugu
|
Dravidian,
South-Central
|
74
|
Andhra Pradesh,
Karnataka, Tamil Nadu,
Maharashtra, Orissa (list)
|
|
Urdu
|
Indo-Aryan,
Central
|
52
|
Jammu and
Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh,
Delhi, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand
(list)
|
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